Dr KARL SHUKER

Zoologist, media consultant, and science writer, Dr Karl Shuker is also one of the best known cryptozoologists in the world. He is the author of such seminal works as Mystery Cats of the World (1989), The Lost Ark: New and Rediscovered Animals of the 20th Century (1993; greatly expanded in 2012 as The Encyclopaedia of New and Rediscovered Animals), Dragons: A Natural History (1995), In Search of Prehistoric Survivors (1995), The Unexplained (1996), From Flying Toads To Snakes With Wings (1997), Mysteries of Planet Earth (1999), The Hidden Powers of Animals (2001), The Beasts That Hide From Man (2003), Extraordinary Animals Revisited (2007), Dr Shuker's Casebook (2008), Karl Shuker's Alien Zoo: From the Pages of Fortean Times (2010), Cats of Magic, Mythology, and Mystery (2012), Mirabilis: A Carnival of Cryptozoology and Unnatural History (2013), Dragons in Zoology, Cryptozoology, and Culture (2013), The Menagerie of Marvels (2014), A Manifestation of Monsters (2015), Here's Nessie! (2016), and what is widely considered to be his cryptozoological magnum opus, Still In Search Of Prehistoric Survivors (2016) - plus, very excitingly, his four long-awaited, much-requested ShukerNature blog books (2019-2024).

Dr Karl Shuker's Official Website - http://www.karlshuker.com/index.htm

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Showing posts with label science-fiction. Show all posts
Showing posts with label science-fiction. Show all posts

Tuesday, 31 December 2024

SEEKING THE SCIENCE BEHIND RAZORTOOTH AND FRANKENFISH!

 
My official Lionsgate Region 1 DVD of Razortooth (© Patricia Harrington/Gravedigger Films/Capital Art Entertainment (CAE)/PUSH/Lionsgate – reproduced here on a strictly non-commercial Fair Use basis for educational/review purposes only)

Genetically-modified beasts, i.e. creatures converted from the mundane into the monstrous by mad scientists of the kind beloved by film audiences and directors alike for over a century now, have long been a staple theme in science fiction movies, and the two examples reviewed and mini-reviewed respectively here, both of which are of the piscean persuasion, are definitely no exception to this trend.  So as 2024 winds down on this, its final day, why not wind down too by leisurely perusing these cinematic offerings originally penned by me for my sister blog Shuker In MovieLand? Unless of course you're an ichthyophobe, whereupon the time to look away is right now!

My movie watch almost exactly a year ago, on 20 December 2023, was my long-owned but previously-unviewed Lionsgate Region 1 DVD of Razortooth, in order to find out at long last just how very far short this horror/monster movie would fall in comparison to what I'd always naturally assumed was the extreme visual hyperbole of its DVD's ultra-dramatic front cover illustration (which opens this present ShukerNature blog article) – only to discover to my great surprise that, if anything, the actual movie was even more OTT than said illustration!!

Directed by Patricia Harrington, and released in 2007 by CAE/PUSH, Razortooth is on the surface just another of those numerous modern-day CGI-laden creature features in which a group of diverse people are brought together in a shared spine-chilling experience of a horrific monster on the rampage. The latter usually constitutes either a freakishly large or genetically-altered mutant individual of a known present-day species or some gargantuan prehistoric horror retrieved from the distant past either directly via time-travel or once again via genetic manipulation.

Said monster then systematically slaughters in a variety of different (but usually gory) means virtually every human character in the movie, steadily devouring its way up the cast list from bit-part players to supporting characters and then, finally, confronting the leads in a grand do-or-die climactic battle before expiring with just enough screen time left for the surviving leads to exchange some light banter before the credits roll.

In Razortooth, the titular monster is a genetically-modified Asian swamp eel (much more about which later) of huge size and voracious appetite that has escaped into the Florida Everglades from the laboratory that engineered it, and now is diligently decimating everything and everyone that it encounters there – escaped convicts, Irish wolfhound, teenage canoeists, they all suffer the same gruesome fate, albeit executed in an array of imaginative splatter fests. Incidentally, I should warn you that this particular movie contains far more blood and gore than is usual for a low-budget modern-day creature feature of the Syfy-similar genre, which is why it holds an R rating certificate in the States, so beware.

Normally at this point I'd present my own précis of the plot, but in this case the latter is so generic, and also because there is one particular aspect of the movie, a zoological aspect, that I'd much prefer devoting the majority of this review to (especially as it does not appear to have been covered by anyone else whose reviews I've read), I've elected to save time and space by simply quoting instead a very succinct, accurate summary of it penned by Brazilian viewer Claudio Carvalho that I encountered on IMDb's Razortooth entry, so here it is:

Two prisoners escape through the swamp land in Everglades and the search party is attacked by a giant mutant eel and is considered missing. The Animal Control agent Delmar Coates is searching [for] a missing dog with his ex-wife Sheriff Ruth Gainey-Coates and he discovers the remains of the animal. Meanwhile members of a canoe club organize an expedition through the swamp. When Sheriff Ruth organizes a manhunt to capture the criminals, Delmar informs that his former friend, Dr. Soren Abramson, who is chasing the eel with a group of college students, is the [person] responsible for [this] mutant species [sic – specimen]. Sheriff Ruth organizes two teams to hunt the prisoners and the eel.

The two lead characters are Delmar Coates (played by Doug Swander) and Sheriff Ruth Gainey-Coates (Kathleen LaGue), so it will come as no surprise to learn that they are still standing, just about, by the time that we reach this movie's big, explosive finish – and I do mean big, and explosive!! What may indeed come as a surprise, conversely, is spotting a familiar face playing one of the lesser characters – yes indeed, Josh Gad (playing ill-fated Jay Wells), in one of his earliest big-screen roles before going on to the likes of Pixels with Adam Sandler, Disney's live-action Beauty and the Beast, and the voice of Olaf the snowman in Frozen, among many others.

 
Eyeballing the razortooth: not a sight that you'd ever want to see close-up – or from any distance, for that matter! Please click composite picture to enlarge individual photos in it for viewing (© Patricia Harrington/Gravedigger Films/Capital Art Entertainment (CAE)/PUSH/Lionsgate – reproduced here on a strictly non-commercial Fair Use basis for educational/review purposes only)

But now, let's move on to what for me was the all-important feature of this monster movie – the specific zoological nature of the razortooth!! (Curiously, despite someone in the production company having specifically devised this memorable moniker for it, I don't actually recall 'razortooth' being employed anywhere within the film, other than as its title). As I mentioned earlier, this creature is supposed to be a genetically-modified, super-sized mutant specimen of a genuine species known zoologically as the Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus.

Native to shallow, muddy freshwater wetlands across eastern and southeastern Asia, this air-breathing eel-shaped species (but a synbranchid rather than a true eel), measuring only a very modest 3 ft or less, has indeed been introduced into the USA – beginning during the 1990s in Georgia, from where they themselves migrated into the Florida Everglades (their air-breathing ability enabling them to move overland in limited fashion if the land in question is water-saturated, but not if dry).

Due to the deleterious effect that its presence is having upon various native crayfish species, however, the Asian swamp eel is nowadays deemed an invasive species in these States, with attempts being made to control its burgeoning numbers and physically remove specimens where possible.

Needless to say, however it does not exist in any kind of mutant, extra-large version, and in any case this species confines itself to a diet of aquatic worms and insects, frogs, fishes, terrapin eggs, and crustaceans – as opposed to gorging itself upon humans and wolfhounds! But these are not the only major differences between the real Asian swamp eel and its monstrous movie counterpart.

Although much was made during the film regarding the disturbing nature of its true-life invasive presence in Florida's Everglades, in terms of its morphology the Asian swamp eel is nothing remotely frightening or dangerous, possessing only small, inconspicuous jaws and a totally smooth, featureless body. So how was this innocuous creature going to play the central role of a bloodthirsty terror? By not only greatly increasing its size but also appending to it some decidedly horrific characteristics purloined from various real but visually hideous piscean predators, that's how?

As a zoologist, moreover, I could readily recognize which predators had been utilized, and they were all from a specific taxonomic family of deepsea marine fishes – Stomiidae, the barbelled dragonfishes.

Totally unrelated to swamp eels, but once again only a few feet long at most (usually a lot less), these dragonfishes exist in several visibly different types, and it looks as if certain specific characteristics sampled from three of these types were deftly combined with the elongate body of the Asian swamp eel to yield the murderous razortooth of this movie, as I duly demonstrate below via the following series of comparative illustrations:

 
From top to bottom: the Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus; the viperfish Chauliodus sp.; the black dragonfish Idiacanthus atlanticus; Alcock's boatfish Stomias nebulosus; and the composite result, the razortooth; please click  picture to enlarge individual images for viewing purposes (top four pix public domain; razortooth composite pic © Dr Karl Shuker)

As can readily be seen from this comparison: if the viperfish's head and jaws brimming with javelinesque teeth, the black dragonfish's nearly membrane-less spiny dorsal fin (but extended along the eel's entire dorsal surface, not just the posterior half of it as in the dragonfish), and the boatfish's unusual arrowhead-like dorsal and ventral pre-terminal fins are added to the Asian swamp eel, the result is the razortooth. Apparently, Jeff Farley, the special effects expert who worked on Babylon 5, created the razortooth, so he had evidently conducted some sound ichthyological research during this process.

Moreover, there is no doubt that for much of the time, whether in the water or on land, or even when it slithers up into trees, the razortooth is impressive enough to keep the viewer's eyes glued to the screen, but most especially when it is very rapidly undulating horizontally in dramatic whiplash manner as it pursues its human prey on land, thus adopting the same mode of movement that snakes utilize.

The big problem comes from this monster's body size, which is anything but constant. One moment the razortooth is so huge that it rears vertically above the water like a latter-day plesiosaur from those now-dated prehistoric animal books from the 1960s and 70s that habitually portrayed these aquatic reptiles as swan-necked. The next moment it is small enough and narrow enough to swim up through the exit pipe of a toilet or shower unit in order to seize hold of the unsuspecting, hapless human utilizing said facility. Then suddenly it's big enough again to bite a man in half, or to be wrestled with by the redoubtable Delmar, and so on…

By way of mitigation for such morphological inconstancy, at one point scientist Dr Abramson (Simon Page) tells his students about how flexible the muscular bodies of eels are, enabling them to squeeze through holes and crevices ostensibly too small for this to be possible. That is true, but there are limits, even for a mutant eel ('mutant' being another oft-utilised get-out-of-jail card in monster movies for explaining seemingly impossible feats performed by the monster in question!).

Anyway, such quibbles aside, and if you're not hoping for any in-depth characterization of the mega-eel's numerous victims either, Razortooth is certainly an enjoyable creature feature (unless you're not only ichthyophobic but also haemophobic!). And unlike many of its oh-so-serious contemporaries in this genre, it even purposefully includes a blacker shade of black vein of tongue-in-cheek humour running through it, but without descending to spoof or parody levels. Monster movie purists may well hate this flick, of course, but at least its choice of animal antagonist makes an interesting, diverting change from the more usual giant invertebrates, prehistoric survivors, and belligerent ape-men that tend to dominate this cinematic category.

Razortooth is currently available to watch free of charge on YouTube, so if you'd like to do so, just click here. Or click here if you'd simply like to watch an official trailer for it.

 
No escape from the razortooth – whether in the water, out of the water, on dry land, or even up a tree, it's gonna get ya! Please click composite picture to enlarge individual photos in it for viewing (© Patricia Harrington/Gravedigger Films/Capital Art Entertainment (CAE)/PUSH/Lionsgate – reproduced here on a strictly non-commercial Fair Use basis for educational/review purposes only)

Several months after viewing Razortooth, I purchased and watched in quick succession another monster movie with genetically-engineered mega-fishes as its animal antagonists. This movie was the aptly-entitled Frankenfish, and here is the mini-review that I wrote about it afterwards:

 

FRANKENFISH

 
My official UK DVD of Frankenfish (© Mark A.Z. Dippé/Columbia TriStar/Syfy – reproduced here on a strictly non-commercial Fair Use basis for educational/review purposes only)

On 16 May 2024, I watched my recently-purchased DVD of the 20-year-old TV monster movie Frankenfish.

Directed by Mark A.Z. Dippé, and released in 2004 by Columbia TriStar for the TV channel Syfy), Frankenfish is a very generic MM, and is all about some huge, voracious, genetically-modified Chinese (aka northern) snakehead fishes Channa argus that have been let loose into a Louisiana bayou where they wreak bloodthirsty havoc upon its alligators and human inhabitants alike. (In real life conversely, this gourami-related species does not exceed 5 ft long at most, and is usually less than 4 ft.)

Consequently, the appropriately-named Sam Rivers (played by Tory Kittle), a medical examiner, is dispatched to the besieged bayou, together with biologist Mary Callaghan (China Chow), only to discover that they have as big a battle on their hands with the locals' firmly-ingrained superstitions and faith in black magic solutions to the situation as they do with the monsters themselves – which lose no time in picking off the humans, one by one...

 
A real Chinese (northern) snakehead (public domain)

Amusingly, whoever wrote the DVD's back-cover blurb presumably had no idea what a snakehead is and was therefore led badly astray by its name (and had apparently not even watched the movie itself, in which snakeheads are accurately described).

For the blurb writer described the movie's monsters as being not only "massive, genetically-engineered, flesh-eating fish" but also as having been "scientifically bred with a deadly snake"! Now that's a monster movie I'd definitely pay good money to watch!!

As for this one, the monster fishes when seen briefly out of the water are ok, but as the main storyline takes place almost entirely at night, I didn't see as much of them as I'd like to have done. But in compensation, there is a very unexpected and entertainingly chilling closing scene to look out for, featuring the ever-troublesome character Dan (Matthew Rauch).

If you'd like to watch an official Frankenfish trailer, please click here to view one on YouTube.

 

Finally: to view a complete chronological listing of all of my Shuker In MovieLand blog's film reviews and articles (each one instantly accessible via a direct clickable link), please click HERE, and please click HERE to view a complete fully-clickable alphabetical listing of them.

 
The official American DVD for Frankenfish (© Mark A.Z. Dippé/Columbia TriStar/Syfy – reproduced here on a strictly non-commercial Fair Use basis for educational/review purposes only)
 
 

Monday, 3 May 2021

THE MONSTER OF DREAD END - REDISCOVERING A CHILLING CHILDHOOD PRECURSOR TO MY CAREER IN CRYPTOZOOLOGY

 
The dramatic, climactic panel from the legendary comic-strip horror story 'The Monster of Dread End' written by John Stanley and illustrated by Ed Robbins that first appeared in Ghost Stories, #1, September/October 1962, published by Dell Comics (© John Stanley/Ed Robbins/Ghost Stories/Dell Comics – reproduced here on a strictly non-commercial Fair Use basis for educational/review purposes only)

As today has been yet another Bank Holiday Monday of the traditional wet'n'windy, stay-at-home type here in the UK, by way of light(?) relief I'll share with you tonight on ShukerNature a notable cryptozoology-relevant rediscovery made by me during the early hours of this morning. True, its subject certainly may not be notable to everyone, nor may it be what everyone would instantly or at least initially deem to be of cryptozoological relevance. However, my finding of it today almost by chance after having purposefully and diligently searched so many times before yet always in vain swiftly reminded me of how, in spite of its overtly bizarre nature, this very specific, never-forgotten item may well have played a subtle role in cultivating my curiosity about monsters and mystery beasts as a child, inputting only too memorably into the formative mind of a fledgling cryptozoologist the excitement as well as even sometimes the terror associated with such creatures. And the name of this unconventional yet indelibly imprinted source of proto-cryptozoological intrigue? The Monster of Dread End. But to begin at the beginning…

Sometime during the late 1960s or early 1970s, I was bought a very unusual hardback comic book. In outward appearance, it greatly resembled the familiar comic annuals that used to be produced for sale just before Christmas each year by all of the major British children's comics, a fair selection of which I would buy or have bought for me at one time or another down through my younger years. These included such fondly-remembered but long-since vanished titles as The Beezer, The Dandy, The Topper, The Beano (sole survivor today), Sparky, Buster, Cor!, Whizzer & Chips, The Eagle, Valiant, Lion, Tiger, and Jag. However, the contents of the annual-type comic book under consideration here were very different from the innocuous cartoon humour and 'boys-own' adventure serials present in those above-named titles. Indeed, to the impressionable, highly imaginative youngster that I was back then, they were for the most part quite nightmarish, even horrific, and I freely confess that unbidden thoughts about them gave me a fair few sleepless nights as time went on. This no doubt explains why I eventually discarded the book, about 2-3 years after having received it, but even today I can still vividly recall a fair amount of its contents, although I can neither remember its title nor its front-cover illustration.

About 64 pages long and A4-sized, this annual-lookalike comic book contained a series of self-contained stories (somewhere around 10-12, if I remember correctly), each one presented in the traditional panel-type illustration format of comic strips. Some were in full colour, others in monochrome, although red/white was favoured over b/w, as far as I can recall. However, their one common attribute was that the theme of their stories was the supernatural and the unknown, presenting a diversity of fictitious but terrifying tales featuring the likes of malevolent phantoms and other malign presences, fatal premonitions, and monsters – including the afore-mentioned denizen of Dread End, which irresistibly captured in its hideous clawed grasp the near-mesmerized attention and tenacious, abiding remembrance of this youngster just as surely and unrelentingly as it did physically to the numerous children who were its doomed victims in the story.

(Incidentally, I should note here that until this morning's rediscovery I'd completely forgotten that this story's title was 'The Monster of Dread End', having readily remembered its plot and pictures down through the decades but not what it was actually called, which is why I'd experienced such problems in the past when seeking it out. Consequently, I'd concentrated my efforts instead upon trying to recall the title of the book containing it, entering all manner of word combinations into Google's search engine and image search in the hope of assembling a phrase close enough to the book's title for details to appear concerning it and/or a picture of its cover that might elicit some recollections, but nothing ever did. This morning, however, I tried a different tactic, but one that worked immediately. I simply entered 'giant hand sewers comic book' into Google Image's search engine, and up popped several panels from that still very familiar story, together with its hitherto-forgotten title and plenty of other details too, which will be revealed later.) Anyway, back to the story.

 
The very atmospheric opening panel from the legendary comic-strip horror story 'The Monster of Dread End' written by John Stanley and illustrated by Ed Robbins that first appeared in Ghost Stories, #1, September/October 1962, published by Dell Comics (© John Stanley/Ed Robbins/Ghost Stories/Dell Comics – reproduced here on a strictly non-commercial Fair Use basis for educational/review purposes only)

Set in an unnamed American town or city suburb, 'The Monster of Dread End' begins with the above-reproduced panel depicting and describing the dismal, derelict tenement blocks of Dread End, long since deserted and cordoned off with an official Keep Out sign attached to the chains encircling this accursed street and its immediate environs. The next few panels provide harrowing flashbacks that reveal how the horrors now inextricably associated with it began. Back then, Dread End was a bustling, happy street called Hawthorn Place – until that fateful early morning when a dead "balled-up thing" was found there, lying on the pavement "like an empty wrapper thrown carelessly aside but somehow still recognizable as having once been human". (Mercifully, no actual image of this object was presented, only the above-quoted description of it, so exactly what it looked like was left to the reader's imagination.) At the same time that horrified observers were gathering around it to stare in shock and revulsion, a panic-stricken young boy came running out of his family's apartment, yelling to everyone that his kid sister had gone missing, her bed empty…

Within a relatively short space of time, several other children from families living in Hawthorn Place also went missing from their beds. On each occasion, their absence was soon followed that same morning by the discovery close by of another of those horrific dead objects, lying on the street in silent, abject testimony to the fully-formed, living, loving child that had formerly existed in its stead. Even when frightened parents boarded up the windows in their children's bedrooms, the anomalous abductions continued, the boards being discovered broken and torn aside, the children gone, and the "balled-up things" found on the pavement nearby. Consequently, it was not long before the street's residents had all moved out, even those with nowhere else to go, content to live on the streets elsewhere if need be rather than remain in their homes and face the unexplained horror of Hawthorn Place. For despite all of their efforts, not only the local police but also the best criminological brains in the business called in from elsewhere were completely unable to discover who – or what – was responsible for this trail of terror and death.

Years went by, and Hawthorn Place, now redubbed Dread End due to its infamy, became encircled by other empty streets, yielding a veritable domain of the damned, a no-man's land of the lost, because no-one wanted to live even close to, let alone within, this sinister street. Nor did anyone ever set foot near it – until one particular night. That was when teenager Jimmy White ventured alone into the grim, dark shadows of Dread End in search of an answer to its foul mystery, seeking the cryptic Monster of Dread End itself, whatever or whoever it may be – because seven years earlier, he had been that panic-stricken young boy who had run outside shouting that his kid sister was missing, her bed empty. She had been the Monster's first victim, her remains being the first of those horrific "balled-up things". Jimmy had vowed vengeance ever since, and now he was here to take that vengeance, although, armed with nothing more than a police whistle with which he hoped to alert any cops who may be patrolling other streets in the vicinity if he should actually encounter his quarry, he was by no means clear about how to do so. Nevertheless, he intended to try, somehow, for his sister.

Hours later, however, with nothing seen or heard, Jimmy conceded to himself that he was probably years too late, that the culprit had no doubt moved on long ago. Yawning and stretching in the first light of dawn, he was just about to do the same, when suddenly, causing him to freeze in mid-stretch, a nearby manhole cover began to rise, then slipped to one side – as a huge five-fingered long-clawed hand covered in livid-green reptilian skin slowly emerged, followed by an unimaginably lengthy, similarly-scaly arm. Were it not for it terminating in that grotesque taloned hand instead of a head, the arm would have resembled an anaconda-like snake, as more and more of its immensely flexible, serpentine form continued to emerge. While an unbelieving Jimmy watched in absolute horror, standing stock-still for fear of alerting this obscene, repellent entity to his presence, the hand and arm rose up against the wall of a building close by, stretching ever upwards, feeling, searching, blind but evidently sentient, and quite obviously seeking prey.

 
Seeking prey – a panel from the legendary comic-strip horror story 'The Monster of Dread End' written by John Stanley and illustrated by Ed Robbins that first appeared in Ghost Stories, #1, September/October 1962, published by Dell Comics (© John Stanley/Ed Robbins/Ghost Stories/Dell Comics – reproduced here on a strictly non-commercial Fair Use basis for educational/review purposes only)

Jimmy had no idea what it was or where it had originated, but in that moment he knew with absolute certainty that he had solved the mystery of all of those missing children's gruesome fates, including that of his sister. They had been seized in their beds by this vile abomination, which had been lurking in the sewers of Dread End, and was still living there today, emerging at daybreak in the hope of abducting further victims to sustain its foul existence.

In his shock at what he had just seen, Jimmy lost his grip on his whistle, which fell to the ground, clattering on the pavement. Instantly, the hand and arm shot back down inside the manhole with lightning speed. So although it couldn’t see, this eerie entity could certainly sense the vibration of Jimmy's whistle hitting the floor. That must have been how it had traced its young victims, sensing the subtle vibrations that they had made while lying asleep in their beds all those years ago.

Alone once more amid the foreboding, unnatural silence of Dread End, Jimmy started debating with himself whether he'd be able to escape if he fled, or whether the monster would re-emerge  and grab him straight away if it sensed his movements. Yet even before he had chance to come to a decision, that terrible clawed hand and snake-like arm did indeed emerge – and this time it was moving directly towards him! Again, Jimmy froze, not moving a muscle as the hand groped ever closer, ever nearer to his shadow-concealed form squatting in a dead-end alley. But then it paused, and moved instead towards an open, lidless dustbin (or garbage can to my US readers), lying on the ground right next to Jimmy. Its taloned fingers reached inside, but found nothing there, so as if in impotent rage the hand grasped the bin, and closed its fingers around it, crushing it as if it were made of tissue.

Nevertheless, the bin had apparently distracted the monster's attention from Jimmy, because instead of turning back towards him, the hand and arm, still emerging in seemingly limitless length from the manhole, moved off, groping blindly along a street leading away from the petrified teenager. What to do now? Jimmy stayed squatting in the dead-end alley, figuring that the more of this monster that emerged and moved on down the street, the further away from him its deadly hand would be – until a sixth-sense survival instinct suddenly kicked in. Jimmy looked behind him – and looming directly above him was the hand! Unbeknownst to Jimmy, it had entered a window in a tenement block further down the street, and by a series of sinuous, silent loops of its immensely lengthy, flexible arm in and out of other windows the hand had cunningly doubled back towards Jimmy and had finally emerged from a window overlooking the very alley in which he was crouching!

 
It's behind you! A panel from the legendary comic-strip horror story 'The Monster of Dread End' written by John Stanley and illustrated by Ed Robbins that first appeared in Ghost Stories, #1, September/October 1962, published by Dell Comics (© John Stanley/Ed Robbins/Ghost Stories/Dell Comics – reproduced here on a strictly non-commercial Fair Use basis for educational/review purposes only)

The hand lunged down at Jimmy, but the youth was able to dodge its terrible clawed fingers, yet found himself trapped inside the alley, pressed against its dead-end wall. The hand lunged again, and again, Jimmy desperately striving to avoid its lethal grasp, but then, tiring and flustered, he stumbled, losing his balance. And as the terrified teenager crouched, knowing all too well that he could not escape, the hand triumphantly hovered over him, in an almost exultant stance, like a hooded venomous cobra of death about to wield its fatal strike at last (see the panel opening the present ShukerNature article that illustrates this dramatic, climactic scene).

Then, without warning, a deafening hail of bullets shattered the stillness of the street, round after round after round, from all manner of firearms, and all aimed directly at different portions of the monster's gigantic serpentine length. Its murderous fingers stiffened, and then its entire hand collapsed near to where Jimmy was slumped, prone with fear. Whatever it had been, the Monster of Dread End was no more. Its hand lay palm-upwards on the ground inside the alley, and crimson rivers of blood gushed forth from its arm, which had been blown apart, broken up into several discrete portions by the intensity of the barrage of artillery brought to bear against it.

A number of figures now stepped out of the shadows and deserted buildings where they had previously been in hiding, including uniformed policemen, bazooka-toting soldiers, and plainclothes officials. One went over to the hand and began examining its palm, noting that it contained pores through which the creature had evidently absorbed the blood and other body fluids obtained from its victims after its hand had crushed them.

The police apologized to Jimmy for not having appeared on the scene earlier, explaining that they had always been here and knew all about the monster, hoping that somehow, some day, they would destroy it, but needing to wait until enough of the arm had emerged to ensure their success in killing it when firing upon it, as opposed to merely wounding it. However, it had always retreated back inside the manhole cover at the slightest indication of danger. So when they spotted it pursuing Jimmy, they had poised themselves in readiness, and once a considerable length of its arm had emerged, they saw and took their best-ever chance of ending for all time the monster's reign of terror, and which now, at last, was indeed over.

 
The victorious concluding panel from the legendary comic-strip horror story 'The Monster of Dread End' written by John Stanley and illustrated by Ed Robbins that first appeared in Ghost Stories, #1, September/October 1962, published by Dell Comics (© John Stanley/Ed Robbins/Ghost Stories/Dell Comics – reproduced here on a strictly non-commercial Fair Use basis for educational/review purposes only)

Although I hope that you've enjoyed my verbal retelling of 'The Monster of Dread End', nothing can compare to the original illustrated, scripted comic-strip version. So please click here to view (and also, if you so choose, download) this entire 10-page, 44-panel comic-strip story.

As I noted when introducing the present ShukerNature blog article, this comic-strip story may well have helped to incite my cryptozoological curiosity, because even though its own monster was so outrageously bizarre and grotesque, it probably played its part alongside a host of other influencing factors in encouraging my mind to consider whether remarkable creatures still unknown to science might actually exist. True, they were highly unlikely to be anything even remotely as incongruous as this macabre entity, but with Nessie frequently hitting the news headlines at that time, not to mention the Patterson-Gimlin bigfoot film and yeti reports, I was becoming increasingly aware that mystery animals may indeed exist. As a result, and despite knowing full well that it was entirely fictitious, even as a youngster I enjoyed hypothesizing how such a creature as the Monster of Dread End could arise.

Needless to say, I swiftly dismissed any conjecture that the hand and arm may constitute just one limb of a truly colossal sewer-dwelling mega-monster sporting other limbs as well as a head, neck, torso, and possibly even a tail too, because such a veritable mountain of living flesh existing inside the region's sewers would readily block them for miles around in every direction, rapidly causing floods, road upheavals, and all manner of other dramatic indications of its subterranean presence. In addition, unless it had countless arms with body fluid-absorbing hands emerging from manholes the length and breadth of the region concealing this underground horror (a phenomenon that in itself couldn’t help but be noticed pretty darn quickly, let alone the huge body count of victims soon arising from such widespread predation), it assuredly could not sustain such a vast bulk if it relied entirely upon just one single hand to obtain all of its necessary nutrients.

Therefore, I reasoned, the ultra-flexible arm must itself be the monster's body, an immensely long one, but a body nevertheless – not so much a sewer alligator, therefore, as a sewer super-snake or snake-like reptilian entity. But what about the hand? Either  the creature kept its head hidden deep in the bowels of the sewers and hunted by means of a highly-modified tail whose terminal portion had evolved into a grasping, absorbing analogue of a pentadactyl hand, which seemed totally ludicrous; or, admittedly only slightly less so, the hand was actually the creature's highly-modified head instead, again having evolved into a grasping, absorbing analogue of a pentadactyl hand.

Speculative evolution is an engrossing subject in its own right. So even though it would struggle, I feel, to tender a plausible scenario for the morphological development of anything recalling Dread End's dreadful devourer, once again this latter comic-strip creation assisted in directing my attention and cogitations towards that field of analysis too. In short, 'The Monster of Dread End' story was influential in nurturing my early interests in both cryptozoology and speculative evolution.

 
Front cover of Ghost Stories, #1, September/October 1962, published by Dell Comics (© Ghost Stories/Dell Comics – reproduced here on a strictly non-commercial Fair Use basis for educational/review purposes only)

But what is the story of this story? That is to say, who created it, where did it originate, and what else, if anything, is known about it? This is what I was investigating early this morning, and I succeeded in uncovering some fascinating facts. It turns out that 'The Monster of Dread End' was the brainchild of a famous American comic book writer and cartoonist named John Stanley (1914-1993), whose foremost claim to fame was that he scripted (and also drew many of) the much-loved, exceedingly popular Little Lulu children's comic books from 1945 to 1959. However, in 1962 (not 1968, as sometimes incorrectly claimed), Stanley's creativity was channeled down a very different, much darker direction when he wrote all four comic-strip stories in the very first issue (September/October 1962) of a brand-new comic book published by Dell Comics and entitled Ghost Stories (which ran for 37 issues, folding in 1973). As this comic book's specific genre was horror/suspense, Stanley's quartet of stories were aimed at a much more mature readership than his previous work, their subjects all directly linked to the supernatural or unexplained mysteries, and one of these stories was none other than 'The Monster of Dread End', which was vibrantly illustrated by Ed Robbins. The other three were 'The Black Stallion' (no relation whatsoever to the same-named series of children's novels by Walter Farley; click here to view it), 'The Werewolf Wasp' (click here  to view it), and 'The Door' (click here to view it).

Prior to this morning, I had always assumed that 'The Monster of Dread End' was merely some obscure, historically unimportant comic-strip story that had been created specifically for some equally insignificant late 1960s/early 1970s annual-type comic book (i.e. the one that I had owned a copy of as a child). Hence I was very startled to discover when researching this selfsame story today not only that it had actually first appeared in the Sept/Oct 1962 debut issue of of Ghost Stories, but also that almost 60 years after its original publication, this latter issue is still popularly claimed (and has even been voted) by comic book devotees to be the scariest single comic-book issue ever published, and 'The Monster of Dread End' the scariest single comic-strip story ever published (little wonder why I found it so unnerving, albeit fascinating, as a child!).

Indeed, both this issue and this particular story within it have attained legendary status in such circles, to the extent that there is even a Spanish stop-motion mini-movie based upon the Dread End monster (which I'd love to see but haven't been able to locate anywhere online so far – suggestions?), as well as Horror Show Mickey's expanded, 15.5-minute retelling of its story currently on YouTube (click here to view this, which features much of the original comic-strip visuals, although some of its panels have been re-ordered in order to fit the story's reworking by HSM). In 2017, a Kickstarter project was launched by Emmy-award-winning visual effects artist and publisher Ernest Farino whose aim was to fund the production of a professional trailer that could then be utilised in pitching for the production of a stop-motion feature-length movie based upon this iconic story, but sadly it did not reach its targeted goal (click here for further information). Given the sensational CGI capabilities now available to film producers, however, perhaps this latter technology may offer a more viable alternative way forward in creating what could be a truly spectacular full-length Monster of Dread End movie. Additionally, in February 2004, artist Peter Von Sholly created an updated, photo-montage version of the classic original Stanley/Robbins comic-strip story. Simply entitled 'Dread End', it contains several notable changes made by Sholly for instance, Jimmy is now named Stanley (in homage to John Stanley), the "balled-up things" are depicted (not for the squeamish!), and Jimmy's/Stanley's police whistle has been replaced by a mobile phone (click here and here for more details concerning Sholly's adaptation).

I have also ascertained that the still-unidentified annual-type comic book that I owned as a child in which 'The Monster of Dread End' appeared was evidently a compilation of comic-strip stories from a number of different issues of Ghost Stories, because when I checked down lists, titles, plot details, and images from those original issues I found other stories that I can remember from that annual. These latter include 'Blood, Sweat and Fear' and 'When Would Death Come For Daniel DuPrey?' (both of which originally appeared in Ghost Stories #3), written by Carl Memling and illustrated by Gerald McCann.

All that I need to do now, therefore, is discover the identity of this elusive volume. And so until/if ever I do, I shall continue to search for it online and anywhere else that I can, as and when the mood takes me. Call it a work in progress. Obviously, however, if anyone reading this article can offer me any suggestions, information, or assistance relating to my ongoing quest, I would be truly grateful. Who knows – if I do find out what it is, I might even then seek out a copy to purchase and reacquaint myself with its spine-chilling contents. Then again, in view of how they haunted my nights, albeit so very long ago now, might it be best to let sleeping dogs, and absent annuals, lie?

 
Revealed at last! A panel from the legendary comic-strip horror story 'The Monster of Dread End' written by John Stanley and illustrated by Ed Robbins that first appeared in Ghost Stories, #1, September/October 1962, published by Dell Comics (© John Stanley/Ed Robbins/Ghost Stories/Dell Comics – reproduced here on a strictly non-commercial Fair Use basis for educational/review purposes only)
 
 
UPDATE #1: 4 May 2021
It looks as though I've finally identified the mysterious annual-type comic book that I owned as a child and which included among its creepy, chilling comic-strip stories 'The Monster of Dread End'. From what I've been able to uncover, it was a one-off publication entitled Ghost Stories: Television Picture Story Book, which was published in (or around) 1970 by World Distributors, a leading publisher of annuals in the UK. Not only does its main title directly tie in with that of the original Ghost Stories comic book issues, which were still being published at that time, but in addition its front cover illustration is actually identical to that of Ghost Stories #3. Moreover, its 1970-ish date of publication matches the time when I owned the book. Obviously I need to examine a copy of this publication directly, or at least see a complete listing of its contents, in order to be absolutely certain, but I think it very likely that this is indeed the book that I've been searching for.

 
Ghost Stories: Television Picture Story BookGhost Stories/Dell Comics/World Distributors – reproduced here on a strictly non-commercial Fair Use basis for educational/review purposes only)
 
 

UPDATES #2 & #3: 5 & 6 May 2021

My recent success at identifying the above annual-type comic book as the book that I'd once owned as a child around 50 years ago, containing John Stanley's seminal 'The Monster of Dread End' cryptozoology-themed comic-strip story, has in turn inspired me to make renewed attempts (the latest of many) at seeking out two other longstandingly elusive comic-strip stories that I remember so well reading as a child but have never been able to identify or trace since then. So during these past two days this is precisely what I have done, and, amazingly, both searches have again been successful, at long last. Consequently, although neither of these latter two comic-strip story's subject is of cryptozoological relevance, it feels fitting to include details of them here, as their own reappearances in my life are due directly to my having been inspired to uncover them by having rediscovered 'The Monster of Dread End'. So here they are:

 

THE 10,000 DISASTERS OF DORT

Another success duly chalked up in my ongoing "All My Yesterdays" rediscovered memories. This one concerned a comic-strip story that I'd read in some UK boys' comic back in the early 1970s. It was all about the planned invasion of Earth by an advanced alien civilisation due to the impending death of their own planet or sun. But first they had to clear Earth of humanity, so chose to do this by inflicting a massive number of calamities upon us, and which looked as if they were going to succeed until, unexpectedly, the aliens discovered that they had a fatal weakness – our planet's microbes proved lethal to them (H.G. Wells's classic novel The War of the Worlds comes readily to mind here!). I knew that this comic-strip story's title referred to the number of calamities, and that the number was high, but that's all that I could remember re that aspect. As for the comic in which this story appeared: I had in mind Thunder, which I used to have each week, but which finally merged with another boys' comic. Yet when I checked online, I could not find any indication of this story within any of Thunder's issues. Ditto when I tried various other comics that I used to have at that time, including Lion, the boys' comic that Thunder had merged with.

But tonight, 5 May 2021, I finally achieved success, when I discovered that in May 1974, what was then Lion and Thunder merged with yet another UK boys' comic, Valiant, to become Valiant and Lion - and it was in the last few issues of Lion and Thunder before merging with Valiant that the sought-after comic-strip story had appeared. And its title? 'The 10,000 Disasters of Dort' (Dort being the aliens' home planet). It was written by Mike Butterworth and illustrated by Studio Bermejo. I've now found a few sample pages featuring panels from that story, and even an issue of Lion and Thunder in which it appears in full colour on the front page. Moreover, I've learnt that this story had actually appeared previously, in Lion, this original run spanning 18 May to 23 November 1968, in which it had a different ending. However, the Wellsian one had replaced it when reprinted in Lion and Thunder, from 22 December 1973 to 4 May 1974, in order to bring the story to an end in time for the comic's merger with Valiant. It would be interesting to know what its original ending had been.

 
Select pages from instalments of 'The 10,000 Disasters of Dort' in Lion and Thunder, including (far right) the concluding panels depicting its Wellsian ending there (© Lion and Thunder/IPC/Freeway Publications – reproduced here on a strictly non-commercial Fair Use basis for educational/review purposes only)

 

PROPHET OF DOOM

I'm on a roll with my "All My Yesterdays" project - yet another longstanding mystery comic-strip story duly rediscovered. During the late 1960s/early 1970s, I read a comic-strip story in some UK comic annual about a villainous man from the distant future who arrives in our time with a plan to take over the world as its absolute ruler by holding over each major power the threat of destruction via his superior technological knowledge unless a huge sum is paid. But when he jauntily arrives at the office of some major international governmental figure to present his demands, he is shocked to discover that this figure is also from the distant future, and is in fact one of many from there who are here specifically to trap future villains like him. The one odd thing about it that I can particularly remember is that the two future men both had antennae! I also remember another comic-strip story from the same comic annual, all about a space villain named Disastro.

This unusual name provided me me a distinctive clue that I was able to use in tracing the mystery annual, which, as I discovered today, 6 May 2021, turned out to be the 1969 annual for the UK boys' comic Fantastic, containing a comic-strip story featuring the UK super-hero Johnny Future battling the villainous Disastro. But that was not all. It also contained another comic-strip story called 'Prophet of Doom', written by the celebrated Stan Lee and illustrated by Steve Ditko, which had been reprinted from issue #40 of the Marvel comic book Tales of Suspense, which had been published in 1963. And when I checked up the plot of that story, it was a perfect match to my memory of the antenna-sporting villain from the future and his similarly-sporting and originating nemesis. The final clincher was a series of illustrations from this story, which I'm presenting here. So I must have owned Fantastic Annual 1969 at some point (I know that I owned its annual from the following year, because I still do), yet its front cover picture rings no bells in my memory. Never mind, at least I've solved yet another riddle from my comic-reading childhood.

 
Front cover of Fantastic Annual 1969 and a selection of panels depicting the villainous future man from 'Prophet of Doom' (© Fantastic/Odhams Press/Stan Lee/Steve Ditko/Tales of Suspense/Marvel Comics/ – reproduced here on a strictly non-commercial Fair Use basis for educational/review purposes only)
 
 
UPDATE #4: 8 November 2022

Rejoice! I finally obtained a long sought-after childhood memory in book form at today's home-town bric-a-brac market, but not from the market itself this time. I regularly meet up there with a longstanding friend, Tim, who shares many of my interests, such as cryptozoology and the unexplained, sci fi/fantasy movies and novels, comic-book super-heroes, etc. A couple of weeks ago, I casually mentioned to him there about my seemingly never-ending quest for a book that I'd owned as a youngster but had eventually given away and had always regretted it afterwards, especially as I'd never succeeded in purchasing another copy of it anywhere. It was of course the above-documented Ghost Stories hardback annual-type comic-strip book from 1970. To my amazement, Tim just as casually mentioned that he owned a copy of it and that along with a fair few others from his collection he was planning to list it for sale on ebay! Needless to say, I begged for first refusal on it, so he said he'd bring it along to the next market. Circumstances beyond our control arose to delay this, however, but today when we met up, Tim had indeed brought it with him and sold it to me for half of what he'd intended to list it for. I said I'd be more than happy to pay him what would have been his full listing price for it, but he wouldn't hear of it and was pleased that he'd been able to help me succeed in my quest for this elusive book.
 
So here it is, AT LAST, another long-missing piece from the time-dispersed jigsaw puzzle of my youth restored into its long-vacant place. Back home this afternoon, I read through the entire book at a single sitting, recalling how its stories had chilled my spine half a century ago, but now were merely whimsical curiosities, albeit still well-remembered ones. The highly-impressionable, exceedingly imaginative youngster I'd been when I'd originally read them is now a world-weary, hopefully (but by no means definitely) wiser oldie who realises only too well that the world contains far more terrifying realities than anything that can ever be found in any comic-book, but all the same I am very glad to have this one again. Thanks Tim!
 
  
Holding my newly-purchased copy of the long-sought-after Ghost Stories: Television Picture Story Book (© Dr Karl Shuker)